Glossary / Glossary

D(r) = 1/√((1−r²)² + (2ζr)²)

How many times the dynamic response exceeds the static one at frequency ratio r = ω/ωₙ.

EN: Dynamic amplification factor

ISO 10068 hand-arm biodynamics

Effective hand-arm mass on the bar: 0.2–0.5 kg per ISO 10068; 0.30 kg per hand is used.

EN: Apparent mass of the hand

Musculoskeletal resonance

Musculoskeletal resonance of a joint: f_km = (1/2π)·√(K_joint / J_eff); in VibroTheory computed for the elbow axis via BioSim.

EN: Musculoskeletal resonance

Supinated (palms-up) grip: the palms face toward the body / upward.

EN: Underhand grip

A rhythmically contracting muscle group acting as a pump

Nazarov’s concept: the muscle-venous pump; under BMS the venous return grows 30–50%, lymph drainage 2–4×, microcirculation 40–60%.

EN: Peripheral heart (Nazarov)

Pronated (palms-down) grip: the palms face away from the body / downward, thumb wrapping one side, the other four fingers the other.

EN: Overhand grip

Asymmetric bar grip: one hand overhand, the other underhand (and vice versa).

EN: Mixed grip

Sharp amplitude growth when the eccentric rotation frequency coincides with a natural frequency.

EN: Resonance (mechanical)

The free-oscillation frequency of a mechanical system; the first 5 modes of the pipe+shaft assembly are stored.

EN: Natural frequency (mode)

Tonic Vibration Reflex, 20–60 Hz

Involuntary muscle contraction triggered by vibration of the muscle spindles (Ia afferents → spinal cord → alpha motor neurons); up to 97% vs 40–60% of fibers in voluntary effort.

EN: Tonic Vibration Reflex (TVR)

Samson-fit four-phase tempo notation: eccentric — pause at bottom — concentric — pause at top.

EN: Tempo (4-phase)